If you're in Tokyo, Sony has a nice little product museum with lots of cool gizmos like this. It's not really open to the public on a regular schedule but I just called one morning while on a trip and they said to come over that afternoon. I was the only visitor during the time I was there but it was super fun to see so many products I had or wished I had, as well as many I never knew about.
Did you take pictures?
Sinclair (of ZX Spectrum fame) made a variety of wacky devices over the years, including the crazy C5 electric bike [0]. They also dabbled with handheld TVs. The one I knew about was the TV80 [1] which came out in 1983 when I was a small kid. Apparently in the 70s, they also sold the MTV-1 [2] which also had a TV and radio in a bulkier package.
It's a common feeling to think the people that came before you were somehow less smart and talented.
When my now grown kids were younger, I pulled the back off a cassette tape player. The belts and gears and cams and the like were completely alien to them...they'd grown up on slabs of glass.
The miniaturization to get analog stuff to drag tape across a tape head was legendary.
I'm old enough to have grown up with all that, but I was always amazed by all that analog tech, still am. I know people marvel at the black slabs we carry around, but to me that's just a smaller computer and not particularly "magic." Versus something like an SLR camera or a mechanical watch? Those are just mind boggling to me.
I'm fully straddling both. I loved successfully recapping a Macintosh SE and restoring a Lathe from 1964. I was mentally counting the execution threads in the processors in the house, got up into the upper 50's and chuckled going from 54 to 55 when including the 68000 in the Mac.
All those push buttons, flip switches, dials and various knobs make me feel all warm and fuzzy inside.
I miss practical physical interfaces. Touchscreens are a big step back in terms of usability.
If I were the crusading type, I'd be on a crusade against single-button interfaces. It's so annoying to have "single tap to pause, double tap to skip to next track" because the timing seems to mess up intermittently. Did I just pause the track or skip? Is the next track just starting too quietly for this environment, or did I pause?
Touch-sensitive inputs, like those on the google pixel buds pro 2, are even worse. Any touch can have weird results as it might be detected as a swipe or a long-touch.
Kudos to the Jabra earbuds I was gifted recently, they can remap the single/double/triple clicks, so a single click for me is now next track.
And as I age, I get dry skin which sometimes doesn't even register as a touch.
I'd love to see a range of accessible hardware that has actual buttons that clearly state what they do, and have visual+haptic+audio feedback which can be configured.
Pulling up the hood on your capacitive material jacket over your headphones registers dozens of ghost inputs as well. It lead to me disabling the touch-controls completely on my XM4s.
"Push until something happens" is Apple's prime functionality when it comes to control switches/buttons. iPhone/iPad/Apple TV Remote etc. Terrible UI/UX.
Touchscreens are a big step back in terms of usability.
I disagree with this as a blanket statement. This often comes up in the context of cars, which, sure, I agree. It's imperative to have physical feedback and have the controls in a familiar place.
I also think device makers are investing less in interface design. Just like you have have an intuitive interface with physical buttons or not, you can also have an intuitive interface with a touch screen.
In this context, where the stakes are lower than driving a car and you don't need to identify each control by touch to use the thing safely, if you can get more screen real estate by eschewing some physical controls for touch screen controls, I think that would make the device more usable as a TV viewing device.
I think it's a mixed bag to be honest. Touchscreens on a phone are definitely an improvement, you can do far more than before with the dpad on phones. But I agree when it comes to things like in car controls.. those things should be subconscious and non distracting.
The disadvantage of physical knobs is that they don't disappear if they go out of context.
(Or at least I haven't seen that yet)
This has made me think a lot today about possible options for that. Annoyingly so..
In a sense I guess it could be done, but I'm then struggling to find a way I could trust the switch to be removed correctly..
Is this just the analogue digital debate?
Well, GP was feeling warm and fuzzy by watching those knobs on presumably a flat screen.
Reminds me of a flashlight I got as a present for my first boy scouts camp in the eighties. It had switchable color filters, lighthouse mode where whole motorized middle section would rotate, lantern mode, three strobe modes with main and/or middle sections blinking, hidden compartment and a compass. As is the case with most of those X in one deals it was crap. Compass being the only thing working well, everything else a victim of compromises like this whole Sony thing..
My feeling about it is the opposite. Does a lot of things, doesn't do any well.
Since my son's 1996 Buick only has a cassette tape player I've been collecting cassette decks, 'collecting' because you might need to have two or three to have one that works reliably. I got exactly one recording out of a top-of-the-line Sony deck from 1992 or so, I had to try four decks before I got one that works perfectly. So that little mono deck like the one that I tried to use to save files for my TRS-80 Color Computer doesn't impress me.
I can't say I covet a huge CRT TV but Sony's products from the 1990s are impressive in that department too. (Got a 22 inch CRT TV with a built in VHS deck for retrogaming though) From the electronics viewpoint, however, there were some interesting techniques used to generate high voltage from batteries in 1970s era portable TVs, back before switching power supplies became routine.
Bravo for giving your son an old car! But why not give him a tape adapter and a Bluetooth receiver attached to it? They're both very cheap and will make it much easier.
He doesn't want that. He doesn't want to fiddle with a touchscreen while he drives. In a just world, he'd get a discount on his car insurance.
Well, if he wants to break the mold, get a MiniDisc setup. Far better than tape: better sound, better form factor, very hard to damage. Most MiniDisc recorders (maybe all?) take digital input, so you have minimal loss of quality (ATRAC is lossy but it is very good).
IMHO analog augmentation is what makes these things special.
In digital, the physical reality is sampled and an accurate measurement is calculated, then this measurement is presented to the user in any suitable form. The problem is, this divorces the user from the physical reality and it's up to the designer to create something that would give back the feeling of being close to the metal.
With analog systems, the default is being close to the physical phenomenon. If the battery has strong enough potential difference it moves the needle. The fidelity is very high, although you loose on accuracy. For example, if you look at the analog voltmeter when you play music, you can observe how the voltage drops with the music frequency or volume which is something you can miss with the digital if the designers have chosen lower sampling rate or smooth out the variations to provide more accurate info on the battery charge. When this happens, you no longer build intuitive understanding of the physics.
Damn that's nice. Every control right there, ready for you to use at a glance. We don't make HMIs like that anymore :')
All of those knobs and switches could have fit in the touch screen that's there. /s
I bet it chewed through some D-cells though. I'm guessing it held 8 of them. I bet it had some weight to it too.
I had a more classic boombox shaped version. It was the same size picture tube, with tape deck. The tube came to the "top" edge of the boom box flat rectangle. I watched "little big man" on it, Custer's charge with full sound, from here (left pinkie) to there (thumb) also Sony from memory
The BW tubes had pretty good resolution though. If you eyes were good sitting near them.
Tru that! I think B&W tv was fantastic, for the right kind of media. Old films? Perfect!
And it was fine for things like game shows. Growing up we had an old 12” B&W TV that we dragged into the dining room every night to watch Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy. Very lightweight. For the kind of TV where the visual experience is secondary to the content, it’s fine.
We had a JVC CS-60US or something like it when I was growing up, my mother may still have it in the attic of her home. Looked like this: https://www.ebay.com/itm/256143505214
VHS decks and tapes are still pretty common, at least in my town.
At the Finger Lakes Reuse Center you can usually get a VHS deck for about $12, tapes for $2. Unlike cassette decks, VHS decks you find in 2025 are close to perfectly reliable [1] too and support VHS HiFi, which makes spectacularly good sound if you have a home theater with Dolby Pro Logic II.
[1] unlike cassette decks
Is there any way to convert digital TV signals to analog?
Assuming you're talking about airwave stuff, you would want a HDTV to SDTV converter system and then to pump the output of that into something like the Blonder-Tongue AM60-550 and then amplify the output of that into an antenna.
If you keep the output pretty low and use unsaturated channels in your location you'll probably be fine, but you mess up a little bit and in theory the FTC could knock on your door.
That being said, people use setups like this for art installations with old school tvs all over the place, so it's likely not a big deal as long as you're not setting up a pirate tv station or something
Yeah, as long as the RF modulator and the antenna cable are properly shielded, you should be fine. I mean, back in the 80s almost everyone had a home computer or game console which used RF modulators (all FTC approved of course) to connect to the TV, and the world didn't end either...
A RasPi with composite output, coupled with an RF modulator should do it. Just don't tell the FCC.
Just for lulz I asked Perplexity Pro R1 AI the same question. It took about 10 seconds to return the following answer:
Is there supposed to be something useful in that response? Cause I don't see it.
Well, not being a techie, for me there is: I can do what the AI said and make the conversion but there's no way I could ever follow the — to me inscrutable —recommendations here.
Here is what my screen shows on the Guardian website, 40 minutes after accessing eBay/posting the comment above:
That’s lovely. It’d probably have been too rare for the DAK catalogs of the early 80s, but a lot of similar (cheaper) gear came through them. (The Olivetti branded TRS-80 Model 100 was a prize!)
At first reading the title I thought it was a new camera in the FX line (along the FX-3 and FX-30) and I was very confused to say the least
[deleted]
Sony always made excellent equipment but by the 1970s it truly excelled and started to produce really first-class products. Its domestic equipment verged on professional grade and after it entered the professional arena its equipment was second to none, for example its professional DAT and 1" videotape recorders were used by broadcast stations across the world because they were state-of-the-art and their quality was excellent (so too was their serviceability).
I still own quite a number of Sony devices but I'd like to specifically mention my Captain 55/ICF-5500M AM/FM/SW receiver, my two ICF-2010† and a ICF-2001D† AM/FM/SW receivers and my 100W per channel stereo amplifiers from that era and they all still work perfectly.
What's remarkable about these devices is that their build quality is excellent, in fact they've essentially been fault-free and not needed any maintenance for 50 years despite being in regular operation since I purchased them.
Of particular note is that none of the potentiometers (volume pots, etc.) has gone noisy/scratchy over this time which is quite a remarkable achievement really. Likewise, I've not had to replace any electrolytic capacitors either. (Incidentally, the pots that Sony used in their equipment around that era use a composite conductive plastic that has remarkably good durability—ipso facto my ones are still 'scratch-free'.)
When I bought these devices I had no difficulty in obtaining service manuals for them from Sony's service department for a nominal cost. Unlike these days, the service manuals are excellent and they come complete with comprehensive circuit diagrams. The circuit diagrams for the radios are printed in two colors—important info is overprinted on the black circuit diagram. I still have those manuals despite never having had need to use them because the equipment is so reliable. (When it comes to servicing equipment young people these days haven't a clue how much better manufacturers treated owners back then.)
BTW, whilst both receiver models have excellent performance, the ICF-2001D is exceptional. For a domestic appliance its performance specifications were close to or on par with many communication receivers of their day. It has a FET RF stage with excellent crossmodulation figures on all bands and good IF bandwidth skirts for adjacent channel interference rejection. In fact, some shortwave hackers and AR operators considered the radio so good that they replaced the original IF filter with a proper mechanical filter which definitely put the receiver into the professional class. Another very unusual feature was that the receiver also has an excellent synchronous detector which works remarkably well—if one has interference on say one sideband of an AM signal then one just switchs the sync detector to the other and the interference disappears.
Tragically, Sony is no longer the company that it once was. Gone have most of the high-tech consumer products, gone have comprehensive service manuals, and so on. After Sony's founders Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita died in the late 1990s the company completely changed direction. It greatly reduced tech manufacturing and development and bought into the US media/movie business. Many owners of this older Sony equipment would now argue that the highly engineering minded founders if still alive would never have allowed this change in direction.
For many, myself included, Sony is now perceived as nothing more than a pariah company with nothing other than profits in mind—profits made on the end of DRM (remember the Sony virus?).
Great shame that once great tech company is no more.
Edit: on that first link there's mention of Sony's smaller ICF-7600D. I also used have this receiver too but only the 'D' version. It was a good receiver but didn't quite have the performance of its bigger brother. I used it whenever I was traveling internationally. It was a great companion when in countries where I couldn't speak the language and wanted news.
So far, since their 1990s era Hollywood buy-in, I've bought one and only one Sony product, a pair of noise-cancelling headphones. I've been very happy with them, but only because they sound fine without any fiddling, which would require installing the app. I took a look at the app's T&C's and ran away screaming.
The batteries have held up fine over the five years I've had the pair, but I dread the day that they go.
Sony always made good headphones even before the 1990s. In fact, the company was one of the first to make a range of small and very light weight headphones that sounded really good (I still have several pairs and they still work well).
Yes, before that time there were some excellent headphones about but they were much bigger and bulkier, for example, Sennheiser's professional series—also they were much more expensive.
Clearly, there was an impetitive for Sony to develop them, as it needed a range of high quality headphones that had to be in keeping (both in style and performance) with its extremely popular miniaturized Walkman players. (In the 1980s Sony Walkman players were all the rage, they'd taken the world by storm.)
Essentially, by the time you'd bought yours Sony had long done most of its R&D. Little doubt the manufacturing infrastructure to make headphones was still in place from the 1980s.
Incidentally, when I was in Japan in the 1980s, I bought four Sony Walkmans in one hit. They were excellent machines.
If you're in Tokyo, Sony has a nice little product museum with lots of cool gizmos like this. It's not really open to the public on a regular schedule but I just called one morning while on a trip and they said to come over that afternoon. I was the only visitor during the time I was there but it was super fun to see so many products I had or wished I had, as well as many I never knew about.
Did you take pictures?
Sinclair (of ZX Spectrum fame) made a variety of wacky devices over the years, including the crazy C5 electric bike [0]. They also dabbled with handheld TVs. The one I knew about was the TV80 [1] which came out in 1983 when I was a small kid. Apparently in the 70s, they also sold the MTV-1 [2] which also had a TV and radio in a bulkier package.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_C5 [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV80 [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV-1
It's a common feeling to think the people that came before you were somehow less smart and talented.
When my now grown kids were younger, I pulled the back off a cassette tape player. The belts and gears and cams and the like were completely alien to them...they'd grown up on slabs of glass.
The miniaturization to get analog stuff to drag tape across a tape head was legendary.
I'm old enough to have grown up with all that, but I was always amazed by all that analog tech, still am. I know people marvel at the black slabs we carry around, but to me that's just a smaller computer and not particularly "magic." Versus something like an SLR camera or a mechanical watch? Those are just mind boggling to me.
I'm fully straddling both. I loved successfully recapping a Macintosh SE and restoring a Lathe from 1964. I was mentally counting the execution threads in the processors in the house, got up into the upper 50's and chuckled going from 54 to 55 when including the 68000 in the Mac.
All those push buttons, flip switches, dials and various knobs make me feel all warm and fuzzy inside.
I miss practical physical interfaces. Touchscreens are a big step back in terms of usability.
If I were the crusading type, I'd be on a crusade against single-button interfaces. It's so annoying to have "single tap to pause, double tap to skip to next track" because the timing seems to mess up intermittently. Did I just pause the track or skip? Is the next track just starting too quietly for this environment, or did I pause?
Touch-sensitive inputs, like those on the google pixel buds pro 2, are even worse. Any touch can have weird results as it might be detected as a swipe or a long-touch.
Kudos to the Jabra earbuds I was gifted recently, they can remap the single/double/triple clicks, so a single click for me is now next track.
And as I age, I get dry skin which sometimes doesn't even register as a touch.
I'd love to see a range of accessible hardware that has actual buttons that clearly state what they do, and have visual+haptic+audio feedback which can be configured.
Pulling up the hood on your capacitive material jacket over your headphones registers dozens of ghost inputs as well. It lead to me disabling the touch-controls completely on my XM4s.
"Push until something happens" is Apple's prime functionality when it comes to control switches/buttons. iPhone/iPad/Apple TV Remote etc. Terrible UI/UX.
Touchscreens are a big step back in terms of usability.
I disagree with this as a blanket statement. This often comes up in the context of cars, which, sure, I agree. It's imperative to have physical feedback and have the controls in a familiar place.
I also think device makers are investing less in interface design. Just like you have have an intuitive interface with physical buttons or not, you can also have an intuitive interface with a touch screen.
In this context, where the stakes are lower than driving a car and you don't need to identify each control by touch to use the thing safely, if you can get more screen real estate by eschewing some physical controls for touch screen controls, I think that would make the device more usable as a TV viewing device.
I think it's a mixed bag to be honest. Touchscreens on a phone are definitely an improvement, you can do far more than before with the dpad on phones. But I agree when it comes to things like in car controls.. those things should be subconscious and non distracting.
The disadvantage of physical knobs is that they don't disappear if they go out of context.
(Or at least I haven't seen that yet)
This has made me think a lot today about possible options for that. Annoyingly so..
In a sense I guess it could be done, but I'm then struggling to find a way I could trust the switch to be removed correctly..
Is this just the analogue digital debate?
Well, GP was feeling warm and fuzzy by watching those knobs on presumably a flat screen.
Reminds me of a flashlight I got as a present for my first boy scouts camp in the eighties. It had switchable color filters, lighthouse mode where whole motorized middle section would rotate, lantern mode, three strobe modes with main and/or middle sections blinking, hidden compartment and a compass. As is the case with most of those X in one deals it was crap. Compass being the only thing working well, everything else a victim of compromises like this whole Sony thing..
My feeling about it is the opposite. Does a lot of things, doesn't do any well.
Since my son's 1996 Buick only has a cassette tape player I've been collecting cassette decks, 'collecting' because you might need to have two or three to have one that works reliably. I got exactly one recording out of a top-of-the-line Sony deck from 1992 or so, I had to try four decks before I got one that works perfectly. So that little mono deck like the one that I tried to use to save files for my TRS-80 Color Computer doesn't impress me.
I can't say I covet a huge CRT TV but Sony's products from the 1990s are impressive in that department too. (Got a 22 inch CRT TV with a built in VHS deck for retrogaming though) From the electronics viewpoint, however, there were some interesting techniques used to generate high voltage from batteries in 1970s era portable TVs, back before switching power supplies became routine.
Bravo for giving your son an old car! But why not give him a tape adapter and a Bluetooth receiver attached to it? They're both very cheap and will make it much easier.
He doesn't want that. He doesn't want to fiddle with a touchscreen while he drives. In a just world, he'd get a discount on his car insurance.
Well, if he wants to break the mold, get a MiniDisc setup. Far better than tape: better sound, better form factor, very hard to damage. Most MiniDisc recorders (maybe all?) take digital input, so you have minimal loss of quality (ATRAC is lossy but it is very good).
IMHO analog augmentation is what makes these things special.
In digital, the physical reality is sampled and an accurate measurement is calculated, then this measurement is presented to the user in any suitable form. The problem is, this divorces the user from the physical reality and it's up to the designer to create something that would give back the feeling of being close to the metal.
With analog systems, the default is being close to the physical phenomenon. If the battery has strong enough potential difference it moves the needle. The fidelity is very high, although you loose on accuracy. For example, if you look at the analog voltmeter when you play music, you can observe how the voltage drops with the music frequency or volume which is something you can miss with the digital if the designers have chosen lower sampling rate or smooth out the variations to provide more accurate info on the battery charge. When this happens, you no longer build intuitive understanding of the physics.
Damn that's nice. Every control right there, ready for you to use at a glance. We don't make HMIs like that anymore :')
All of those knobs and switches could have fit in the touch screen that's there. /s
I bet it chewed through some D-cells though. I'm guessing it held 8 of them. I bet it had some weight to it too.
I had a more classic boombox shaped version. It was the same size picture tube, with tape deck. The tube came to the "top" edge of the boom box flat rectangle. I watched "little big man" on it, Custer's charge with full sound, from here (left pinkie) to there (thumb) also Sony from memory
The BW tubes had pretty good resolution though. If you eyes were good sitting near them.
Tru that! I think B&W tv was fantastic, for the right kind of media. Old films? Perfect!
And it was fine for things like game shows. Growing up we had an old 12” B&W TV that we dragged into the dining room every night to watch Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy. Very lightweight. For the kind of TV where the visual experience is secondary to the content, it’s fine.
We had a JVC CS-60US or something like it when I was growing up, my mother may still have it in the attic of her home. Looked like this: https://www.ebay.com/itm/256143505214
So many for sale on eBay:
https://www.google.com/search?q=ebay+Sony+FX-300+Jackal&oq=e...
I thought they'd be scarcer.
Back in the 1970's the quality of Japanese goods had just increased tremendously with a huge nationwide quality drive.
These things were built to last.
With analog TV gone almost everywhere (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_television_transition#...), you sadly won't be able to use its coolest feature anymore...
VHS decks and tapes are still pretty common, at least in my town.
At the Finger Lakes Reuse Center you can usually get a VHS deck for about $12, tapes for $2. Unlike cassette decks, VHS decks you find in 2025 are close to perfectly reliable [1] too and support VHS HiFi, which makes spectacularly good sound if you have a home theater with Dolby Pro Logic II.
[1] unlike cassette decks
Is there any way to convert digital TV signals to analog?
I've hacked several old CRT TVs to inject an composite input signal after the RF receiver section. Example, not my page: https://awsh.org/portable-tv-composite-mod/
Here's mine. It runs Linux and streams King Gizzard videos. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USF4lyVtrLg
Assuming you're talking about airwave stuff, you would want a HDTV to SDTV converter system and then to pump the output of that into something like the Blonder-Tongue AM60-550 and then amplify the output of that into an antenna.
If you keep the output pretty low and use unsaturated channels in your location you'll probably be fine, but you mess up a little bit and in theory the FTC could knock on your door.
That being said, people use setups like this for art installations with old school tvs all over the place, so it's likely not a big deal as long as you're not setting up a pirate tv station or something
Yeah, as long as the RF modulator and the antenna cable are properly shielded, you should be fine. I mean, back in the 80s almost everyone had a home computer or game console which used RF modulators (all FTC approved of course) to connect to the TV, and the world didn't end either...
A RasPi with composite output, coupled with an RF modulator should do it. Just don't tell the FCC.
Just for lulz I asked Perplexity Pro R1 AI the same question. It took about 10 seconds to return the following answer:
https://imgur.com/a/ANs82pc
Is there supposed to be something useful in that response? Cause I don't see it.
Well, not being a techie, for me there is: I can do what the AI said and make the conversion but there's no way I could ever follow the — to me inscrutable —recommendations here.
Here is what my screen shows on the Guardian website, 40 minutes after accessing eBay/posting the comment above:
https://imgur.com/a/b9Tzuwd
Can't talk about the Jackal without mentioning this mod: https://www.hackster.io/news/tom-granger-s-sony-fx-300-jacka...
It's really cool, my only regret is that they didn't use the CRT. I know, I know, resolution and all that but still...
The Weyland logo on startup is a really nice touch.
That 3.2" TFT likely has 240x320 resolution, which is a lot lower than a typical BW CRT.
You're right, the choice was made for color, not resolution.
This is cool! Now I think I know where the designers of the RED cameras got their inspiration from.
Way cool. Those straps look just like the ones on my D-5 battery case: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVWvTR9XkAMXEaN?format=jpg&name=...
I'm guessing it won't pick up TV stations anymore since the switch to digital broadcasting?
That’s true, but you could still play your NES.
https://youtu.be/8sQF_K9MqpA?si=flXh7lK7uxRej3df
That’s lovely. It’d probably have been too rare for the DAK catalogs of the early 80s, but a lot of similar (cheaper) gear came through them. (The Olivetti branded TRS-80 Model 100 was a prize!)
At first reading the title I thought it was a new camera in the FX line (along the FX-3 and FX-30) and I was very confused to say the least
Sony always made excellent equipment but by the 1970s it truly excelled and started to produce really first-class products. Its domestic equipment verged on professional grade and after it entered the professional arena its equipment was second to none, for example its professional DAT and 1" videotape recorders were used by broadcast stations across the world because they were state-of-the-art and their quality was excellent (so too was their serviceability).
I still own quite a number of Sony devices but I'd like to specifically mention my Captain 55/ICF-5500M AM/FM/SW receiver, my two ICF-2010† and a ICF-2001D† AM/FM/SW receivers and my 100W per channel stereo amplifiers from that era and they all still work perfectly.
What's remarkable about these devices is that their build quality is excellent, in fact they've essentially been fault-free and not needed any maintenance for 50 years despite being in regular operation since I purchased them.
Of particular note is that none of the potentiometers (volume pots, etc.) has gone noisy/scratchy over this time which is quite a remarkable achievement really. Likewise, I've not had to replace any electrolytic capacitors either. (Incidentally, the pots that Sony used in their equipment around that era use a composite conductive plastic that has remarkably good durability—ipso facto my ones are still 'scratch-free'.)
When I bought these devices I had no difficulty in obtaining service manuals for them from Sony's service department for a nominal cost. Unlike these days, the service manuals are excellent and they come complete with comprehensive circuit diagrams. The circuit diagrams for the radios are printed in two colors—important info is overprinted on the black circuit diagram. I still have those manuals despite never having had need to use them because the equipment is so reliable. (When it comes to servicing equipment young people these days haven't a clue how much better manufacturers treated owners back then.)
BTW, whilst both receiver models have excellent performance, the ICF-2001D is exceptional. For a domestic appliance its performance specifications were close to or on par with many communication receivers of their day. It has a FET RF stage with excellent crossmodulation figures on all bands and good IF bandwidth skirts for adjacent channel interference rejection. In fact, some shortwave hackers and AR operators considered the radio so good that they replaced the original IF filter with a proper mechanical filter which definitely put the receiver into the professional class. Another very unusual feature was that the receiver also has an excellent synchronous detector which works remarkably well—if one has interference on say one sideband of an AM signal then one just switchs the sync detector to the other and the interference disappears.
Tragically, Sony is no longer the company that it once was. Gone have most of the high-tech consumer products, gone have comprehensive service manuals, and so on. After Sony's founders Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita died in the late 1990s the company completely changed direction. It greatly reduced tech manufacturing and development and bought into the US media/movie business. Many owners of this older Sony equipment would now argue that the highly engineering minded founders if still alive would never have allowed this change in direction.
For many, myself included, Sony is now perceived as nothing more than a pariah company with nothing other than profits in mind—profits made on the end of DRM (remember the Sony virus?).
Great shame that once great tech company is no more.
†https://www.cryptomuseum.com/spy/icf2001d/index.htm
https://radiojayallen.com/sony-icf-2010-an-all-time-classic/
Edit: on that first link there's mention of Sony's smaller ICF-7600D. I also used have this receiver too but only the 'D' version. It was a good receiver but didn't quite have the performance of its bigger brother. I used it whenever I was traveling internationally. It was a great companion when in countries where I couldn't speak the language and wanted news.
So far, since their 1990s era Hollywood buy-in, I've bought one and only one Sony product, a pair of noise-cancelling headphones. I've been very happy with them, but only because they sound fine without any fiddling, which would require installing the app. I took a look at the app's T&C's and ran away screaming.
The batteries have held up fine over the five years I've had the pair, but I dread the day that they go.
Sony always made good headphones even before the 1990s. In fact, the company was one of the first to make a range of small and very light weight headphones that sounded really good (I still have several pairs and they still work well).
Yes, before that time there were some excellent headphones about but they were much bigger and bulkier, for example, Sennheiser's professional series—also they were much more expensive.
Clearly, there was an impetitive for Sony to develop them, as it needed a range of high quality headphones that had to be in keeping (both in style and performance) with its extremely popular miniaturized Walkman players. (In the 1980s Sony Walkman players were all the rage, they'd taken the world by storm.)
Essentially, by the time you'd bought yours Sony had long done most of its R&D. Little doubt the manufacturing infrastructure to make headphones was still in place from the 1980s.
Incidentally, when I was in Japan in the 1980s, I bought four Sony Walkmans in one hit. They were excellent machines.